[88], In a series of studies which were published in the medical journal Pediatrics, researchers from the University of California Department of Pediatrics performed experiments on 113 newborns ranging in age from one hour to three days, in which they studied changes in blood pressure and blood flow. Sign the Resolution Weve compiled a list of the 10 most bizarre, unethical, and inhumane psychological experiment that went horribly wrong and ended up with disastrous results. The lesion was diagnosed as a cancerous ulcer and surgical treatments were attempted. Find exactly what you're looking for! In 1971, Stanford University psychologist Philip Zimbardo conducted the Stanford prison experiment in which twenty-four male students were randomly assigned roles of prisoners and guards in a mock prison situated in the basement of the Stanford psychology building. Whats worse is that this is what we know happened, but its only a part of it all. Harold G. Wolff- Neurologist-Doctor-Scientist considered "Father of Modern Headache Research" and a "Pioneer in the Study of Psychosomatic Illness". [18][19], In 1908, three Philadelphia researchers infected dozens of children with tuberculin at St. Vincent Orphanage in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, causing permanent blindness in some of the children and painful lesions and inflammation of the eyes in many of the others. Bartholow apologized for his actions and expressed regret that some knowledge had been gained "at the expense of some injury to the patient. Either way, we're going to take a look at Project MK Ultra and other shocking CIA programs to see what the Central Intelligence Agency cooked up over the years. He launched his hedge fund in 1956 with $105,100 in seed capital. They later tried infecting people with "direct inoculations made from syphilis bacteria poured into the men's penises and on forearms and faces that were slightly abraded or in a few cases through spinal punctures". That is, in this situation, well have all the power and theyll have none. Prisoners were arrested at their homes and charged with armed robbery. In addition to the literal electric shock, the participants suffered extreme emotional stress and inflicted insights.(source). So here is an experiment which I find particularly terrifying: Rhythm 0, 1974 by Marina Abramovic > Rhythm 0 (1974) was a six-hour work of performance art by Yugoslav artist Marina Abramovi in Studio Morra, Naples. "[161] The device, dubbed "pain ray" by its critics, was rejected for fielding in Iraq due to Pentagon fears that it would be used as an instrument of torture. Invest in trust rather than surveillance. To permanently record the data of their operative, each operative is given some sort of tracking device. It was termed a "local field exercise"[106] by the Army and took place from September 1519, 1953, at the Army Chemical School at Fort McClellan, Alabama. The Amygdala is crucial during the experiment because it processes emotion. Money provided psychological support for the reassignment and continued to see him for about a decade for the consultation and to assess the outcome. [12], In 1895, New York City pediatrician Henry Heiman intentionally infected two mentally disabled boysone four-year-old and one sixteen-year-oldwith gonorrhea as part of a medical experiment. The memory of the operative is burned into this item, as data would be burned onto a disk. Some subjects stopped administrating electric shock to the learner after reaching 135 volts, however, most continued when they were assured that they would not be held responsible. [47], Also in 1950, Dr. Joseph Stokes of the University of Pennsylvania deliberately infected 200 female prisoners with viral hepatitis. By the time their mission was ready to be underwent, they pledge allegiance to the CIA and thought that what they were being taught was the "Normal" way of living. Project MKULTRA was first brought to wide public attention in 1975 by the U.S. Congress, through investigations by the Church Committee, and by a presidential commission known as the Rockefeller Commission.[184][185]. However, the exact nature of the potential relapse was unspecified. "Hypnosis comes of age". One, possibly of interest to those interested in the JFK assassination was QKACTIVE. Out of all the programs the CIA is known to have run, MKUltra is one of the worst. The surgeon who sterilized the men said that it was necessary to "keep from contaminating the general population with radiation-induced mutants". Milgram also told the subject that the learner had a heart condition. If they returned successfully, the CIA completely deactivated their brains, drove the mentally insane and stuck them in facilities that gave them barely enough food and water to get by. By the age of 13, Bruce became suicidal and threaten to take his own life if he was made to see Money again. Most of these studies were performed by the Cornell University Medical School's human ecology study programs under the supervision of the director Dr. Harold Wolff. The year was 1954 when the government first undertook the beginnings of what would become Project QKHILLTOP. The mixtures contained radioactive iron and the researchers were determining how fast the radioisotope crossed into the placenta. The project studied the use of hypnosis, forced morphine addiction and subsequent forced withdrawal, and the use of other chemicals, among other methods, to produce amnesia and other vulnerable states in subjects. S&P 500 Index generated an average annual compounded return of only 9.2% during the same 10-year period. Olson died nine days later after falling to his death from a hotel window under suspicious circumstances. Chemicals tested on the U.S. military personnel included the nerve gases VX and Sarin, toxic chemicals such as zinc cadmium sulfide and sulfur dioxide, and a variety of biological agents. In short, Dr. Wolff was a mad scientist who was funded by the CIA, playing right into their plan of developing the perfect spy academy. (project QKHILLTOP) CIA. Some of them retained speech problems for the rest of their lives. An investor who invested $10,000 in Warren Buffetts hedge fund at the beginning of 1957 saw his capital turn into $103,000 before fees and $64,100 after fees (this means Warren Buffett made more than $36,000 in fees from this investor). The funny thing is that I usually get flooded with these predatory offers when Insider Monkeys traffic is growing at an annual rate of 50% or more. Small web businesses must be the cheapest asset class in the US. During that time, he was both a patient and an active participant in a psychiatric study approved by the university. Kinzer writes that MKUltra's use of mescaline on unwitting subjects was a practice that Nazi doctors had begun in the camps at Auschwitz and Dachau. Cutler chose to do the study in Guatemala because he would not have been permitted to do it in the United States. Project ARTICHOKE (also referred to as Operation ARTICHOKE) was a mind control program that gathered information together with the intelligence divisions of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and FBI. Indeed, as Justice Brennan observes, the United States played an instrumental role in the criminal prosecution of Nazi scientists who experimented with human subjects during the Second World War, and the standards that the Nuremberg Military Tribunals developed to judge the behavior of the defendants stated that the 'voluntary consent of the human subject is absolutely essential to satisfy moral, ethical, and legal concepts.' it was fun, fun, fun. The experiments also carried out in-house and overseas experiments using LSD in addition to hypnosis and total isolation to harass subjects psychologically and for interrogation techniques on human subjects. This committee was created to investigate and report the use of human beings as test subjects in experiments involving the effects of ionizing radiation in federally funded research. A project summary is a project management tool that summarizes a project's status at a moment in time. (1951) The U.S. Navy's Project Bluebird is renamed Project Artichoke and begins human medical experiments that test the effectiveness of LSD, sodium pentothal and hypnosis for the interrogative purposes described in Project Bluebird's objectives (1950) (Goliszek). The CIA was particularly busy in the mid-60s with running brothels and drug houses. Within 36 hours, one prisoner started acting crazy and started screaming, cursing, and going into a rage. In September of 1848, Phineas Gage would alter the way the brain is viewed forever. It took the supervising team a while to realize the prisoner was really suffering psychologically. Their scars were visually shocking, but the operations were remarkable for their time. [61] Most of these tests were performed, funded, or supervised by the United States military, Atomic Energy Commission, or various other U.S. federal government agencies. Project QK-Hilltop was a human experimental program that was used in the CIA. He was ostracized and bullied by peers. In a free sample issue of our monthly newsletter we analyzed Warren Buffetts stock picks covering the 1999-2017 period and identified the best performing stocks in Warren Buffetts portfolio. [2][3][4] The human research programs were usually highly secretive and performed without the knowledge or authorization of Congress, and in many cases information about them was not released until many years after the studies had been performed. Many of these experiments violated US law. This Chinese Kid With An Unusually Long Neck Is Suffering From Rare Spinal Deformity, 18 Weird and Interesting Pictures From The Past Youve Never Seen Before, 22 Things You Probably Never Knew About Commercial Airplanes, 10 Perfectly Timed Photographs With Their Backstories. Most notable were his attempts to graft two dogs together. [87], The U.S. Atomic Energy Commission funded the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to administer radium-224 and thorium-234 to 20 people between 1961 and 1965. In a memo describing the purpose of one MKULTRA program subprogram, Richard Helms said: We intend to investigate the development of a chemical material which causes a reversible, nontoxic aberrant mental state, the specific nature of which can be reasonably well predicted for each individual. The doctors stated that they knew at the time that it might cause cancer.[52]. [13] Stanley believed that his experiments would rejuvenate old men, control crime (which he believed had biological causes), and prevent the "unfit" from reproducing. The administration of the hospital attempted to cover the study up, but the New York medical licensing board ultimately placed Southam on probation for one year. According to Lisa Pease, writing in the essential book Assassinations, it was "a project of the Soviet Russia . They then killed the cat and tried it again, and thats how science learned dead cats cant be telephones but live ones can. The CIA has apparently also worked on a different kind of program that would come in handy abroad: biological warfare. To test whether or not sulfuric acid, which is used in making molasses, was harmful as a food additive, the Louisiana State Board of Health commissioned a study to feed "Negro prisoners" nothing but molasses for five weeks. You can enter your email below to get our FREE report. In the experiments, the subjects were exposed to additional burning, experimental antibiotic treatment, and injections of radioactive isotopes. Title 45 of the Code of Federal Regulations, known as "The Common Rule", requires the appointment and use of institutional review boards (IRBs) in experiments using human subjects. Ethics havent exactly been the core focus of US governmental agencies over the decades they prefer to make use of their stealth prowess for nefarious purposes, which is why were going to take a look at project MK Ultra and other shocking CIA programs. The United States Department of Defense, which sponsored the injection, worked in collusion with the Department of Justice and the New York State Attorney General to conceal evidence of its involvement in the experiment for 23 years. [40][41][42][43][44][45] The family of the person who died sued the government for gross negligence, but a federal judge ruled in favor of the government in 1981. In other experiments, he attempted to implant the testicles of rams, goats, and boars into living prisoners. [170][171][172], In 1942, the Harvard University biochemist Edwin Joseph Cohn injected 64 Massachusetts prisoners with cow blood, as part of an experiment sponsored by the U.S. Wonders of the human brain, with all its intelligent and emotional powers, have always attracted the brightest of humans. One project involved vesicants, one involved phosgene, and five were experiments which involved nerve agents; all seven were approved. Additional issues were raised with the consent obtained. These were later called institutional review boards. MKULTRA activities continued until 1973 when CIA director Richard Helms, fearing that they would be exposed to the public, ordered the project terminated, and all of the files destroyed. [116], Shortly thereafter, in 1950, the CIA initiated Project Bluebird, later renamed Project Artichoke, whose stated purpose was to develop "the means to control individuals through special interrogation techniques", "way[s] to prevent the extraction of information from CIA agents", and "offensive uses of unconventional techniques, such as hypnosis and drugs". He was later sued by the parents of some of the child subjects, who allegedly contracted syphilis as a result of his experiments. From 1950 through 1953, the U.S. Army conducted Operation LAC (Large Area Coverage), spraying chemicals over six cities in the United States and Canada, to test dispersal patterns of chemical weapons. [55], From 1963 to 1969, as part of Project Shipboard Hazard and Defense (SHAD), the U.S. Army performed tests which involved spraying several U.S. ships with various biological and chemical warfare agents, while thousands of U.S. military personnel were aboard the ships. Faces $1 Billion Lawsuit Over STD Study", "How the U.S. Government Exposed Thousands of Americans to Lethal Bacteria to Test Biological Warfare", "Serratia has dark history in region: Army test in 1950 may have changed microbial ecology", The Sword and the Dollar: Imperialism, Revolution, and the Arms Race, Atomic Energy Commission's Declassification Review of Reports on Human Experiments and the Public Relations and Legal Liability Consequences, "The Human Plutonium Injection Experiments", "Plutonium Files: How the U.S. In 1954, the CIA's Project QKHILLTOP was created to study Chinese brainwashing techniques, and to develop effective methods of interrogation. [26], Rous closely monitored the articles he published since the 1930s, when revival of the anti-vivisectionist movement raised pressure against certain human experimentation. The frequent screams of the patients that echoed through the hospital did not deter Cameron or most of his associates in their attempts to depattern their subjects completely. The exact number is unknown because researchers never followed up on the status of the subjects. In 1984, Karen Dorn Steele, a reporter for the Spokesman-Review, began to report on cancers in farm families and heart attacks in young men working the fields in the farmlands across the Columbia River from Hanford. In 1953, the CIA placed several of its interrogation and mind-control programs under the direction of a single program, known by the code name MKULTRA, after CIA director Allen Dulles complained about not having enough "human guinea pigs to try these extraordinary techniques". Experiments on humans were intended to identify and develop drugs and procedures to be used in interrogations and torture, in order to weaken the individual to force confessions through mind control. (1, 2). 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