In Compliance is a leading source of news, information, education, and inspiration for electrical and electronics engineering professionals. Accidents frequently happen at railway crossings due to the lack of quickly operating gate systems, and to fewer safety measures at the railway crossing as well. A 2008 survey by the Computer Security Institute and the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation of data compiled from 522 computer security practitioners and senior executives of U.S. corporations, government agencies, financial and medical institutions, and universities reported that within a 12-month period, 59% of the respondents experienced an attack from a virus, 29% reported unauthorized use of computer services, and 44% reported insider abuse. } Multiple layers of safety features are incorporated into the design of the radioisotope power systems (or RPS) used by NASA. The DOE has also stated that the ability to resist attack by identifying and responding to disruptions caused by sabotage is one of the smart grids seven crucial functions. All rights reserved. 'ga-disable-UA-3983727-10', The report concluded: Terrorists could emulate acts of sabotage in several other countries and destroy critical [power system] components, incapacitating large segments of a transmission network for months. Metallic connections to a telecommunication network would need to be evaluated in accordance with IEC 62368-1 or IEC 60950-1. display: inline !important; window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; Additionally, intra-campus communication conductors, such as those used for intra-system communications or status alarms, will also need to be protected like telecommunication conductors in accordance with the local electrical code or practices. if (em_track_user) { According to IEC 62368-1, Annex I (also IEC 60950-1, Annex Z), electricity meters and communications ITE for remote electricity metering are considered to be examples of Overvoltage Category IV equipment, or equipment that will be connected to the point where the mains supply enters the building. History of Evolution 'timingLabel': 'event_label', Electric power utilities also typically own and operate at least certain portions of their own telecommunications systems, which often consist of a backbone of fiber optic or microwave links connecting major substations with spurs to smaller sites. p.send = function () { The end vision of the smart grid consists of a highly developed electrical platform that engages consumers, enhances efficiency, ensures reliability, and enables integration of renewable energy and electric transportation. [3]. Without a doubt, the expectation from the power generation and transmission industry is realization of efficiencies. window[disableStrs[index]] = true; Figure 3. (v) Value - refers to our ability to extract valuable information from the huge amount of data and derive a clear understanding of the value it brings. IEC 62368-1, Edition 1.0, 2010-01, Audio/Video, Information and Communication Technology Equipment Part 1: Safety Requirements, International Electrotechnical Commission. More specifically, the operation of a modern power system depends on complex systems of sensors and automated and manual controls, all of which are tied together through communication systems. This file is auto-generated */ Information security frameworks for electric power utilities have also been developed by the International Council on Large Electric Systems (CIGRE). Furthermore, IEC 62368-1, the new international hazard-based safety engineering standard for audio/video, information and communication technology is well-suited for use in this modular-safety approach. Energy Security, June 2009. Home About Us Contact All rights reserved. In some cases, new insight may have to be given to safety that was not necessary in the past. The threats posed by insiders are real, as is the risk of a Trojan horse embedded in the software of one of more of the control centers. The potential ramifications of network failures have never been greater, as the transportation, telecommunications, oil and gas, banking and finance, and other infrastructures depend on the continental power grid to energize and control their operations. In the aftermath of the tragic events of 11 September 2001 and recent natural disasters and major power outages, there have been increased national and international concerns expressed about the security, resilience, and robustness of critical infrastructures in response to an evolving spectrum of threats. Several such incidents in the United States have been publicly reported during the last 30 years, including saboteurs operating in the Pacific Northwest and those using power lines and transformers for target practice on the East Coast. IEEE Power & Energy Society. Copyright 2023, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. By Since 1989, Mr. Gies has worked at AT&T-Bell Laboratories/Lucent Technologies/Alcatel-Lucent as a product safety engineer, responsible for obtaining product safety certifications for his companys telephone and information processing equipment from domestic and international product safety organizations. It is said that Alexander Graham Bell would not recognize the components of modern telephony fiber optics, cell phones, texting, cell towers, PDAs, the internet, etc. }; Defense mechanisms using deception can greatly increase the difficulty of planning and conducting successful attacks on a system by portraying control system response characteristics as random to attackers. S. Massoud Amin is with the University of Minnesota. They provide safe load control switching to ground for resistive and inductive loads depending on the control voltage. hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; return; This is not new: both the importance and the difficulty of protecting power systems have long been recognized. if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { Smart Grids can be achieved by implementing efficient transmission & distribution systems, system operations, consumer integration and renewable integration. Send questions or comments to the Webmaster. One of the biggest frontiers in electrical engineering in this early part of the 21st century is the development and implementation of smart grid technology. parameters = {}; return []; Power system security - Introduction Practically, the power system needs to be secured.We need to protect it from the black out or any internal or external damage.The operation of the power system is set to be normal only when the flow of power and the bus voltages are within the limits even though there is a change in the load or at the generation side. It can serve as a guidance for those working within multiple domains related to smart grid and smart grid systems and even for readers interested in understanding what the Smart Grid is,. This variable rate will incentivize consumers to shift their heavy use of electricity to times of the day when demand is low. A successful terrorist attempt to disrupt the power delivery system could have adverse effects on national security, the economy, and the lives of every citizen. With diminished transmission and generation capacity and with dramatic increases in interregional bulk power transfers and the diversity of transactions, the electric power grid is being used in ways for which it was not originally designed. The Academy compiled a list of twenty accomplishments that have affected virtually everyone in the world. The main function of a smart grid is to manage power consumption in optimal ways, providing the network with more flexibility in case of emergencies. In many cases, even in situations where there is a battery backup, these devices are not properly supervised or maintained of which can result in doors that are unable to be locked or unlocked in the event of a power outage. lightweight hockey balls. The security of cyber and communication networks is fundamental to the reliable operation of the grid. There is reasonable concern that national and international energy and information infrastructures have reached a level of complexity and interconnection that makes them particularly vulnerable to cascading outages, whether initiated by material failure, natural calamities, intentional attack, or human error. A smart grid combines the existing electrical infrastructure with digital technologies and advanced applications to provide a much more efficient, reliable and cost effective way to distribute energy. }); If we agree to take a modular approach to evaluating the safety of the smart-grid technology equipment, then IEC 62368-1 will be well-suited for providing the plug-in modules for evaluating the safety of the information technology and communication circuitry portion of the smart grid equipment. } } hydraulic generators. A pay-for-use charging station might involve the following technologies: Higher Overvoltage Category for Information Technology in Charging Station. To celebrate the beginning of the 21st century, the National Academy of Engineering set out to identify the single most important engineering achievement of the 20th century. padding: 0 !important; for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { The benefits of smart energy infrastructure are improved reliability, supply integration, shorter outages, increased efficiency, consumer cost-saving, and customer satisfaction 6. As these infrastructures have grown more complex in order to handle increasing demands, they have become increasingly interdependent. Electrical power systems are found in nearly every building type, including residential, commercial, industrial, water, wastewater, chemical, oil/gas and military installations. Many of these plants burn coal and other fossil fuels that are non-renewable and greenhouse-gas producing sources of energy, and they are increasingly becoming more scarce and expensive. Such arguments have led to the recent moratoriums on AMI installations in numerous northern California communities and other areas throughout the country. During the 20 years since the OTA report, the situation has become even more complex. Automotive In this dual operating system, the existing hierarchy, people, and management largely remain. Current privacy laws in the United States are fragmented and vague and do not specifically address consumer energy usage. Reduced peak demand, which will also help lower electricity rates. S. M. Amin, Securing the electricity grid, Bridge, vol. 3, pp. robust advanced power generation portfolio. As a trusted and reliable manufacturer of power products, we make it our goal to bring you quality devices that you can count on. Moreover, numerous types of communication media and protocols are used in the communication and control of power systems. Medical Time-centered HRA (TCHRA) Emerging standards fall well short of achieving this ultimate goal. The size and complexity of the North American electric power grid makes it impossible both financially and logistically to physically protect the entire infrastructure. Either software patching or the ability to rapidly identify and isolate the exploited systems must be enabled in order to minimize downtime. Smart Decision, 2010, unpublished internal Alcatel-Lucent article. Aerospace var exactmetrics_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"zip,mp3,mpeg,pdf,docx,pptx,xlsx,rar","inbound_paths":"[{\"path\":\"\\\/go\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"},{\"path\":\"\\\/recommend\\\/\",\"label\":\"affiliate\"}]","home_url":"https:\/\/magazine.ieee-pes.org","hash_tracking":"false","ua":"UA-3983727-10","v4_id":""};/* ]]> */ Americans should not accept or learn to cope with increasing blackouts, nor should we rest on the notion that the technical know-how, political will, or money to bring our power grid up to 21st century standards do not exist. S. M. Amin, Balancing market priorities with security issues: Interconnected system operations and control under the restructured electricity enterprise, IEEE Power Energy Mag., vol. return hit; __gtagTracker('set', { Call twitch soundtrack search. 2022 Same Page Publishing. width: 1em !important; var gaMap = { Links between the power grid and telecommunications systems as well as between electrical power lines and oil, water, and gas pipelines continue to be the lynchpins of energy supply networks. A 2006 study by the Edison Electric Institute (EEI) calculated that putting power lines underground would cost about US$1 million per mile, compared with US$100,000 per mile for overhead lines, making the idea financially infeasible. An AC-power outlet receptacle to plug in the vehicle for charging; Electric power metering to measure electricity use; Switchgear to switch charging circuits on or off, once enabled by information technology, and provide overcurrent protection or active shutdown in the event of a short-circuit fault in the vehicles or the charging circuits circuitry; Information technology equipment to process the sale, timing, and user interface to purchase electrical charge, and to enable/disable the charging switchgear; Telecommunications to communicate the sale and power use back to the electrical power retailer. Secure and reliable operation of the electric system is fundamental to national and international economic systems, security, and quality of life. } return null; The larger the amount of data is, the lower the density of valuable information will be. Electrical Engineering questions and answers Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Question: Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system This question hasn't been solved yet Ask an expert Investigate the safe operation of a smart power system Expert Answer Previous question Next question COMPANY About Chegg Transportation systems, including military and commercial aircraft and land and sea vessels, depend on communication and energy networks. Identity theft threat. Online Asynchronous.This course is entirely web-based and to be completed asynchronously between the published course start and end dates. RPS are designed and tested to contain their nuclear fuel . 'eventCategory': 'event_category', This article provides a brief overview of smart-grid technology, and then explores the safety considerations that should be addressed in the design of smart grid technology equipment, particularly in low-voltage AC power applications operating below 1000 V AC. function mapArgs(args) { Connect the power system to 220v mains power using the supplied cord. To achieve this goal, a new megainfrastructure is emerging from the convergence of energy, telecommunications, transportation, the Internet, and electronic commerce. It is made available to members of the Society at no additional cost, and to non-members by subscription. An additional defense mechanism is the use of deception. p.set = noopfn; height: 1em !important; } While highlighting topics including cybersecurity, smart grid, and wide area . For over 30 years more electrical power professionals have used this guide for safe, economical system operation than any other in print. 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