[455], Brazil produced significant works in Romanticism novelists like Joaquim Manuel de Macedo and Jos de Alencar wrote novels about love and pain. [395], In October 2009, the Brazilian Senate approved and enacted by the President of Brazil in February 2010, an agreement with the Vatican, in which the Legal Statute of the Catholic Church in Brazil is recognized. [167], In the fiercely disputed 2018 elections, the controversial conservative candidate Jair Bolsonaro of the Social Liberal Party (PSL) was elected president, winning in the second round Fernando Haddad, of the Workers Party (PT), with the support of 55.13% of the valid votes. [144] Oppression was not limited to those who resorted to guerrilla tactics to fight the regime, but also reached institutional opponents, artists, journalists and other members of civil society,[145][146] inside and outside the country through the infamous "Operation Condor". About five million people from over 60 countries migrated to Brazil between 1808 and 1972, most of them of Portuguese, Italian, Spanish, German, Ukrainian, Polish, Jewish, Russian, Chinese, Japanese, and Arab origin. [172] Including its Atlantic islands, Brazil lies between latitudes 6N and 34S, and longitudes 28 and 74W. [496] The Brazilian men's national team is ranked among the best in the world according to the FIFA World Rankings, and has won the World Cup tournament a record five times.[497][498]. Single. Fernandez, Oscar Machado de Assis: The Brazilian Master and His Novels The. Paulo. [178] This region is as extensive as the Amazon basin but has a very different climate as it lies farther south at a higher altitude. WebThe mountain is one of several monolithic granite and quartz mountains that rise straight from the water's edge around. In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated the number of 32 deaths per 100,000 inhabitants, one of the highest rates of homicide of the world. [74], The Portuguese colonial administration in Brazil had two objectives that would ensure colonial order and the monopoly of Portugal's wealthiest and largest colony: to keep under control and eradicate all forms of slave rebellion and resistance, such as the Quilombo of Palmares,[75] and to repress all movements for autonomy or independence, such as the Minas Conspiracy. [244], Brazil's international relations are based on Article 4 of the Federal Constitution, which establishes non-intervention, self-determination, international cooperation and the peaceful settlement of conflicts as the guiding principles of Brazil's relationship with other countries and multilateral organizations. Teresina, Fortaleza, and Florianpolis were the most Roman Catholic in the country. [282] The country was the second-largest producer of pulp in the world and the eighth-largest producer of paper in 2016. MIAMI (AP) The Biden administration is under growing pressure from leftists in Latin America as well as U.S. lawmakers to expel Jair Bolsonaro from a post-presidential retreat in Florida following his supporters brazen attack on Brazils capital over the weekend. [407] Illiteracy is higher in the Northeast, where 13.87% of the population is illiterate, while the South, has 3.3% of its population illiterate. Brazil's conscription policy gives it one of the world's largest military forces, estimated at more than 1.6million reservists annually. The capital of Brazil is Braslia.Brazil was named after brazilwood, which is a tree that once grew very well along the Brazilian coast. [16], Brazil's navy once operated some of the most powerful warships in the world with the two Minas Geraes-class dreadnoughts, sparking a naval arms race between Argentina, Brazil, and Chile. [34] Throughout the 16th century, massive amounts of brazilwood were harvested by indigenous peoples (mostly Tupi) along the Brazilian coast, who sold the timber to European traders (mostly Portuguese, but also French) in return for assorted European consumer goods. The word "Brazil" likely comes from the Portuguese word for brazilwood, a tree that once grew plentifully along the Brazilian coast. [433], Some aspects of Brazilian culture were influenced by the contributions of Italian, German and other European as well as Japanese, Jewish and Arab immigrants who arrived in large numbers in the South and Southeast of Brazil during the 19th and 20th centuries. [221][222] It consists of the Brazilian Army (including the Army Aviation Command), the Brazilian Navy (including the Marine Corps and Naval Aviation), and the Brazilian Air Force. 1,720,000km (1,068,758mi) in 2019. Do not travel to: Any areas within 150 km/100 miles of Brazils land borders with Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Guyana, Suriname, French Guiana, and Paraguay due to crime. Volleyball, basketball, auto racing, and martial arts also attract large audiences. [14], It also encompasses a number of oceanic archipelagos, such as Fernando de Noronha, Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz. [253] In 2018, Brazil had a record 63,880 murders. [294], Tourism in Brazil is a growing sector and key to the economy of several regions of the country. University of California Press. The architect Oscar Niemeyer idealized and built government buildings, churches and civic buildings in the modernist style. 15 November is now Republic Day, a national holiday. [447] Forr is a type of folk music prominent during the Festa Junina in northeastern Brazil. [129][130][131] In addition to its participation in the battle of the Atlantic, Brazil also sent an expeditionary force to fight in the Italian campaign. Although defined by law, Brazilian regions are useful mainly for statistical purposes, and also to define the distribution of federal funds in development projects. So Paulo, Companhia das Letras, 1997. [164] The charges against her were fueled by political and economic crises along with evidence of involvement with politicians (from all the primary political parties) in several bribery and tax evasion schemes. Court decisions set out interpretive guidelines; however, they are seldom binding on other specific cases. [267] The large service sector accounts for about 72.7% of total GDP, followed by the industrial sector (20.7%), while the agriculture sector is by far the smallest, making up 6.6% of total GDP. [409], The University of So Paulo is the second best university in Latin America, according to recent 2019 QS World University Rankings. [257], Brazil is a federation composed of 26 states, one federal district, and the 5,570 municipalities. [395] Greater Rio de Janeiro, not including the city proper, is the most irreligious and least Roman Catholic Brazilian periphery, while Greater Porto Alegre and Greater Fortaleza are on the opposite sides of the lists, respectively. MIAMI (AP) The map was called Beach Trip and was blasted out to more than 18,000 members of a public Telegram channel called, in Portuguese, Hunting and Fishing. But instead of outdoor recreation tips, the 43 pins spread across the map of Brazil pointed to cities where bus transportation to the capital could be found for what promoters promised would a "Slaves, Peasants, and Rebels" Board of Trustees of the University of Illinois 1992, MacLachlan, Colin M. "A History of Modern Brazil: The Past Against the Future"; Scholarly Resources Inc. 2003 p. 3. Cumulatively, Brazil has the highest percentage of deforested or highly degraded rainforest of any Amazonia nation. Corcovado - Christ the Redeemer. [14] Its size, relief, climate, and natural resources make Brazil geographically diverse. [321], Brazilian science is represented by the likes of Csar Lattes (Brazilian physicist Pathfinder of Pi Meson),[322] Mrio Schenberg (considered the greatest theoretical physicist of Brazil),[323] Jos Leite Lopes (only Brazilian physicist holder of the UNESCO Science Prize),[324] Artur vila (the first Latin American winner of the Fields Medal)[325] and Fritz Mller (pioneer in factual support of the theory of evolution by Charles Darwin). Bolivia and Paraguay have been given free ports at Santos. [175] These ranges include the Mantiqueira and Espinhao mountains and the Serra do Mar. Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the countrys history. In the commercial sector, for example, they represent 53% of the GDP within the activities of the sector. [368][369] Brazil has the second largest Jewish community in Latin America making up 0.06% of its population. The country also has 50,000 kilometers (31,000 miles) of waterways. Cachaa is distilled from sugar cane and is the main ingredient in the national cocktail, Caipirinha.[469]. Extensive legal and illegal logging destroy forests the size of a small country per year, and with it a diverse series of species through habitat destruction and habitat fragmentation. Brazil is the eighth-largest economy in the world, but is recovering from a recession in 2015 and 2016 that ranks as the worst in the countrys history. Furthermore, the country hosted the FIBA Basketball World Cups in 1954 and 1963. [248] Brazil is a founding member state of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), also known as the Lusophone Commonwealth, an international organization and political association of Lusophone nations across four continents, where Portuguese is an official language. ", "Brazil's Proclamation of the Republic through the press", "Global protest grows as citizens lose faith in politics and the State", "Dilma Rousseff impeached by Brazilian senate", "Brazil supreme court judge orders probe into nine ministers paper", "President Michel Temer of Brazil Is Charged With Corruption", "Jair Bolsonaro eleito presidente do Brasil", "Covid-19 pandemic: 'Everything you should not do, Brazil has done', "Bolsonaro's 'genocidal' Covid response has led to Brazilian catastrophe, Dilma Rousseff says", "Covid: Brazil's Bolsonaro calls governors 'tyrants' over lockdowns", "Annual averages of Mandacaru Agro-meteorological station", "CPD: South America, Site SA19, Caatinga of North-eastern Brazil, Brazil", "Drought, Smallpox, and Emergence of Leishmania braziliensis in Northeastern Brazil", "STATEMENT: Brazil Sets Weak 2030 Emission Reduction Target", "Amazon World's largest tropical rain forest and river basin", "Numbers of Living Species in Australia and the World: A Report for the Department of the Environment and Heritage", "Forest Pulse: The Latest on the World's Forests", "Amazon Against the Clock: A Regional Assessment on Where and How to Protect 80% by 2025", "Places We Work: The Atlantic Forest of Brazil", Forest Service International Programs: Brazil, "Preserved native vegetation occupies 61% of Brazil's area, says Embrapa", "How Europe has multiplied its forests and why this can be a problem", "Climate change is pushing Brazil's farmland out of agricultural suitability range", "Lula returns for third term as Brazil president", "Democracy Index 2021: the China challenge", "Amendments to the Brazilian Constitution", "Primeira Corte do mundo a ter canal de vdeo no YouTube o STF", "STF: Primeira corte do mundo no YouTube", "Brazil is among the 10 largest military powers in the world", "Decreto N 5.670 de 10 de Janeiro de 2006", "Defesanet Brigada de operaes especiais", "Brigada de Operaes Especiais Bda Op Esp", "1 Batalho de Infantaria de Selva (Aeromvel)", "12 Brigada de Infantaria Leve (Aeromvel)", "Grupamento de Mergulhadores de Combate GruMeC", "Porta-Helicpteros Atlntico agora Navio-Aerdromo Multipropsito", "Every. 1. In martial arts, Brazilians developed Capoeira,[504] Vale tudo,[505] and Brazilian jiu-jitsu. "Ethnic Groups of the Americas" ABC-CLIO 2013, Richard Middleton and Anne Lombard "Colonial America: A History to 1763" Wiley-Blackwell Publishing 1st edition 1992, Corrado, Jacopo "The Creole Elite and the Rise of Angolan Protonationalism", Bethell, Leslie "Colonial Brazil" Cambridge University Press 1987 pp. It was highest (20.30%) in the Northeast, which had a large proportion of rural poor. Brazil faces [132], With the Allied victory in 1945 and the end of the fascist regimes in Europe, Vargas's position became unsustainable and he was swiftly overthrown in another military coup, with democracy "reinstated" by the same army that had ended it 15 years earlier. 3. From the 1960s it was attended by a theater dedicated to social and religious issues and to the flourishing of schools of dramatic art. In 2017, Brazil`s GDP grew 1%, inflation fell to historic lows of 2.9%, and the Central Bank lowered benchmark interest rates from 13.75% in 2016 to 7%. [196] Of the 202 endangered animals in Brazil, 171 are in the Atlantic Forest. In 1815, the colony was elevated to the rank of kingdom upon the formation of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves. [326], Brazil is the world's tenth largest energy consumer with much of its energy coming from renewable sources, particularly hydroelectricity and ethanol; the Itaipu Dam is the world's largest hydroelectric plant by energy generation,[327] and the country has other large plants like Belo Monte and Tucuru. VIDEO: Brazil's unsung 'capital of happiness' (Credit: Kate Schoenbach) It is impossible to describe Bahian ax without first considering the region's layered and tumultuous history. WebBrazil. Brazils response to the riots has been swift. Srie Brasil cidado. Today it is the most important factor in popular culture of Brazilian society, indicated by research showing that as much as 67%[484][485] of the general population follow the same daily soap opera broadcast. The Brazilian landscape is very varied. [155][156] Cardoso won the 1994 election, and again in 1998. [441], In the 1950s, the modernist architecture was introduced when Brasilia was built as new federal capital in the interior of Brazil to help develop the interior. [439] It is the basis for all Brazilian architecture of later centuries. [189] Brazil is second only to Indonesia as the country with the most endemic species. Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world in terms of population (208.8 million in 2018) and well as land area. See the State Departments travel website for the Worldwide Caution and Travel Advisories. It is the fifth largest country in the world, exceeded in size only by Russia, Canada, China, and the United States, though its area is greater than that of the 48 conterminous U.S. states. The Brazilian film industry began in the late 19th century, during the early days of the Belle poque. The earliest pottery ever found in the Western Hemisphere was excavated in the Amazon basin of Brazil and radiocarbon dated to 8,000 years ago (6000 BC). Regrettably, its also one of the most endangered biomes in the world, with just 12.5% of it remaining in disparate fragments along Brazils southeast-facing coastline. 3. Lawsuits on appeal may take several years to resolve, and in some cases more than a decade elapses before definitive rulings. Brazil. "Booming Brazil could be world power soon", "CIA The World Factbook Country Comparisons GDP (purchasing power parity)", "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2019", "Discoveries Challenge Beliefs on Humans' Arrival in the Americas", http://gobrazil.about.com/od/ecotourismadventure/ss/Peter-Lund-Museum.htm, https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.254.5038.1621, "More enslaved Africans came to the Americas through this port than anywhere else. [392] The most common Protestant denominations are Evangelical Pentecostal ones. [210], Brazilian law is based on the civil law legal system[211] and civil law concepts prevail over common law practice. A casa modernista da Rua Santa Cruz, de Gregori Warchavchik, e outras casas da modernidade", "UNESCO Culture Sector Intangible Heritage 2003 Convention", "Prmio Cames de Literatura | Biblioteca Nacional", "Quem somos | Academia Brasileira de Letras", "Feijo com arroz e arroz com feijo: o Brasil no prato dos brasileiros", "Cultural feeding influence on palative memories in the usual brazilian cuisine", "Brazil's Best, Restored and Ready for a 21st-Century Audience", "Cidade de Deus (City of God) (2003) Rotten Tomatoes", "Rede Globo se torna a 2 maior emissora do mundo", "Um ponto de IBOPE equivale a quantas pessoas? A typical meal consists mostly of rice and beans with beef, salad, french fries and a fried egg. [489], Brazilian painting emerged in the late 16th century,[491] influenced by Baroque, Rococo, Neoclassicism, Romanticism, Realism, Modernism, Expressionism, Surrealism, Cubism and Abstracionism making it a major art style called Brazilian academic art. [312] Brazil was ranked 57th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021, up from 66th in 2019. [158][159] However, sparked by indignation and frustrations accumulated over decades from corruption, police brutality, inefficiencies of the political establishment and public service, numerous peaceful protests erupted in Brazil from the middle of first term of Dilma Rousseff, who had succeeded Lula after winning election in 2010 and again in 2014 by narrow margins. WebBrazil. [461][462][463], Brazil's most significant literary award is the Cames Prize, which it shares with the rest of the Portuguese-speaking world. For example, criminal and civil laws can be voted by only the federal bicameral Congress and are uniform throughout the country.[16]. [306] Owner of relative technological sophistication, the country develops submarines, aircraft, as well as being involved in space research, having a Vehicle Launch Center Light and being the only country in the Southern Hemisphere the integrate team building International Space Station (ISS). The service sector was responsible for 60% of GDP and trade for 13%. 200+ new agribusiness markets have been reached in the last 3 years. Brazil as a whole is significantly more polarized and much of the Amazon region is led by governors and mayors who align themselves with Bolsonaro. 105, 145. Facts about Brazils history. Brazil is also the longest country in the world, spanning 4,395km (2,731mi) from north to south,[14] and the only country in the world that has the equator and the Tropic of Capricorn running through it. Brazil, officially Federative Republic of Brazil, Portuguese Repblica Federativa do Brasil, country of South America that occupies half the continents landmass. In 2017, Brazil`s GDP grew 1%, inflation fell to historic lows of 2.9%, and the Central Bank lowered benchmark interest rates from 13.75% in 2016 to 7%. WebBrazil Tourism: Tripadvisor has 16,953,637 reviews of Brazil Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Brazil resource. [307], The country is also a pioneer in the search for oil in deep water, from where it extracts 73% of its reserves. [21][22][23][24] Categorised as developing country with a high Human Development Index,[25] Brazil is considered an advanced emerging economy,[26] having the twelfth largest GDP in the world by nominal, and ninth by PPP measures, the largest in Latin America. [251], The country still has above-average levels of violent crime and particularly high levels of gun violence and homicide. [100] A few days later, the national flag was replaced with a new design that included the national motto "Ordem e Progresso", influenced by positivism. Economic overview. The architecture of Brazil is influenced by Europe, especially Portugal. [55][56] In the first two centuries of colonization, Indigenous and European groups lived in constant war, establishing opportunistic alliances in order to gain advantages against each other. The country has an extensive rail network of 28,538 kilometers (17,733 miles) in length, the tenth largest network in the world. [177] Many regions have starkly different microclimates. On January 1, 1502, the first official tourist arrived in Brazil. Of the top 20 Latin American universities, eight are Brazilian. [160][161], Rousseff was impeached by the Brazilian Congress in 2016, halfway into her second term,[162][163] and replaced by her Vice-president Michel Temer, who assumed full presidential powers after Rousseff's impeachment was accepted on 31 August. WebBrazil (Portuguese: Brasil; Brazilian Portuguese: ()), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Repblica Federativa do Brasil), is the largest country in South America and in Latin America.At 8.5 million square kilometers (3,300,000 sq mi) and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area and the seventh most populous. Brazil is believed to have the largest number of uncontacted peoples in the world. This was the name the indigenous population gave to the region, meaning "land of the palm trees. Notable film festivals in Brazil include the So Paulo and Rio de Janeiro International Film Festivals and the Gramado Festival. Brazils response to the riots has been swift. [247] Brazilian foreign policy has generally been based on the principles of multilateralism, peaceful dispute settlement, and non-intervention in the affairs of other countries. [416], Minority languages are spoken throughout the nation. [176], The climate of Brazil comprises a wide range of weather conditions across a large area and varied topography, but most of the country is tropical. [371] Socioeconomic factors are also significant, because a minority of pardos are likely to start declaring themselves White or Black if socially upward. [67], By the end of the 17th century, sugarcane exports began to decline[68] and the discovery of gold by bandeirantes in the 1690s would become the new backbone of the colony's economy, fostering a Brazilian Gold Rush[69] which attracted thousands of new settlers to Brazil from Portugal and all Portuguese colonies around the world. The cities of Boa Vista, Salvador, and Porto Velho have the greatest proportion of Irreligious residents in Brazil. [214] Municipalities and the Federal District have "organic laws" (leis orgnicas), which act in a similar way to constitutions. [166] According to a 2018 poll, 62% of the population said that corruption was Brazil's biggest problem. The population of Brazil, as recorded by the 2008 PNAD, was approximately 190 million[348] (22.31 inhabitants per square kilometer or 57.8/sqmi), with a ratio of men to women of 0.95:1[349] and 83.75% of the population defined as urban. Brazil Tourism: Tripadvisor has 16,953,637 reviews of Brazil Hotels, Attractions, and Restaurants making it your best Brazil resource. The horde of rioters who invaded government buildings on Jan. 8 in an attack on Brazil's democracy left behind a trail of destruction whose full scope is only now coming into full view. The country had 6.36million visitors in 2015, ranking in terms of the international tourist arrivals as the main destination in South America and second in Latin America after Mexico. [16] States have autonomous administrations, collect their own taxes and receive a share of taxes collected by the Federal government. Rio de Janeiro. The statue now holds its place in history as one of the modern Seven Wonders of the World. [136] Juscelino Kubitschek became president in 1956 and assumed a conciliatory posture towards the political opposition that allowed him to govern without major crises. Brazil has the largest electricity sector in Latin America. [471] Popular snacks are pastel (a fried pastry); coxinha (a variation of chicken croquete); po de queijo (cheese bread and cassava flour / tapioca); pamonha (corn and milk paste); esfirra (a variation of Lebanese pastry); kibbeh (from Arabic cuisine); empanada (pastry) and empada, little salt pies filled with shrimps or heart of palm. [175] The northwestern parts of the plateau consist of broad, rolling terrain broken by low, rounded hills. [256] The high number of prisoners eventually overloaded the Brazilian prison system, leading to a shortfall of about 200,000 accommodations. It also set as indicative target of reaching carbon neutrality by 2060 if the country gets 10 billion dollars per year. 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