Hamlet by Shakespeare: Act 1, Scene 1 | Summary & Quotes, Hamlet by William Shakespeare: Act 3 Scene 4 | Action, Characters & Quotes, Hamlet by William Shakespeare: Act 1 Scene 2 | Plot, Quotes & Analysis, Shakespeare's Hamlet: Character Analysis & Description, Poison in Hamlet by Shakespeare | Motif & Analysis, Gertrude in Hamlet by William Shakespeare | Character, Quotes & Importance, The Murder of Gonzago: Significance in Hamlet & Overview, AP English Language: Homework Help Resource, Middle School Language Arts: Lessons & Help, Common Core ELA - Literature Grades 11-12: Standards, Common Core ELA - Writing Grades 11-12: Standards, Common Core ELA - Speaking and Listening Grades 9-10: Standards, Common Core ELA - Speaking and Listening Grades 11-12: Standards, Common Core ELA - Language Grades 11-12: Standards, Study.com ACT® Test Prep: Practice & Study Guide, Create an account to start this course today. Through the lens of the titular characters, Stoppard explores themes of free will versus determinism, the individual versus society, and the absurdity of the human Remember that the vital difference between modernism and postmodernism is that the former laments fragmentation and the latter celebrates it. Entrances by Ophelia, Hamlet, Claudius, and Polonius interrupt the Tragedians' play. 20% They are indeed bewildered innocents cast adrift in a disinterested and dispassionate universe. On the positive side, the fact that language is extremely Medieval feudalism was in decline, but it was dying a defiant death; the aristocracy resorted to harsh measures to shore up its authority and maintain the hierarchical order which had served it so well. She also has a College Reading and Learning Association (CRLA) Level III certificate from working at a Graduate Writing Center as a Writing Consultant for one year. They attempt to bring Hamlet to his death in England, though they are the ones to be executed in his place. Hamlet is a theatrical play. > In Tom Stoppard's best-known work, this Shakespearean Laurel and Hardy finally get a chance to take the lead role, but do so in a world where echoes of Waiting for Godot resound, where reality and illusion intermix, and where fate leads our two heroes to a tragic but inevitable end. Then Hamlet accuses him of playing him like a flute. Claudius: With all my heart, and it doth much content me/ To hear him so inclin'd. Its subsequent run in New York brought it the same enthusiastic acclaim, and the play has since been performed numerous times in the major theatrical centers of the world. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have no fixed identities. In this instance, the two minor characters from Hamlet take center stage, while the events of Shakespeares great You'll also receive an email with the link. Learn about Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in "Hamlet." An error occurred trying to load this video. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern enter the play when Claudius (Hamlet's uncle and the new King of Denmark) and Gertrude (Hamlet's mother and Claudius's new wife) send for them and ask them to keep an eye on Hamlet. Claudius sends Hamlet with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern to England to deliver a letter to the king, but it is really a letter ordering the king to execute Hamlet. Examine how both plays use things such as imagery, symbols, clothing, the play-within-a-play device, role-playing and language to set up mirrors for reality through which to challenge our notions of illusion and truth. WebRosencrantz and Guildenstern are often deeply confused about their roles, motives and even their existence as they remain unaware that they are actors within Hamlet. It ran for 40 performances from 29 April to 28 June 1987. Below are some key passages from the play that depict the dynamic between Hamlet and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, and exhibit the pair's corrupted intentions towards Hamlet. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are the main arbiters of irony in Hamlet because though they are longtime friends of Hamlet, they are willing to spy on him for financial gains. Rosencrantz: I've frequently not been on boats. A previous, satirical play of a similar nature named Rosencrantz and Guildenstern was written by W. S. Gilbert in 1874 and performed in 1891. It is important to note that Hamlet itself is a transformation, of form as well as ideas, which is based upon other transformations. He is angry that the pair did not stay to watch their play earlier because, without an audience, his Tragedians are nothing. WebTom Stoppards production Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead is highly intelligent in its linguistic style, capability of thought and manner of speech. Renews January 25, 2023 Web20 of the best book quotes from Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. This item: Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. The sixties was characterized by an irreverent mood born out of a period of rebellion and challenge to existing structures and beliefs. Hamlet is beginning to be suspicious of his friends' motives for coming to visit him. His was an age characterized by turmoil and uncertainty. Use up and down arrows to review and enter to select. Guildenstern understands that wherever they go, they are still trapped in this world. "[26] The cast included Gary Oldman as Rosencrantz, Tim Roth as Guildenstern, Richard Dreyfuss as the Player, Joanna Roth as Ophelia, Ian Richardson as Polonius, Joanna Miles as Gertrude, Donald Sumpter as Claudius, and Iain Glen as Hamlet. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Hamlet asks the modern questions, who am I? Hamlet has the free will to act but is thwarted by his belief system. WebRosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead is modernist in this sense but there are aspects of postmodernism, e.g. I feel like its a lifeline. WebGuil bows when he says Rosencrantz's name, and then bends double when he says Guildenstern's name. The language games that Rosencrantz and Guildensterns engage in owes an intertextual debt to the influential 20th century philosopher, Ludwig Wittgenstein. The pair discovers that the Tragedians are hidden ("impossibly", according to the stage directions) in several barrels on deck. Why do they put all their trust in language, rather than experience. of increasing specialization. Hamlet, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and the Player all hide in separate barrels. This enterprise is quite audacious as he is not just transforming plays but modern classics. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. Please wait while we process your payment. Your group members can use the joining link below to redeem their group membership. ourselves and even making sense of our lives. We've received widespread press coverage since 2003, Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk. When Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead appeared in 1966, it was evidently linked to The Theatre of the Absurd. The play was eventually adapted for a film released in February 1990, with screenplay and direction by Stoppard. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern represent the idea that our lives are predetermined because even though we do have choices in life, we do not have enough information to choose intelligently. There is also a close link with existentialism. Hamlet, however, derisively mocks and outwits them, so that they, rather than he, are sentenced to death in the end. During the voyage, the ship is hijacked by pirates, after which it is discovered that Hamlet has disappeared and the letter now instructs the English monarch to execute them instead. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. In Western society there has been a decline in the number of Christians and of the significance of the church in everyday life. The sun came up about as often as it went down, in the long run, and a coin showed heads about as often as it showed tails. Below you will find the important quotes in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead related to the theme of The Absurdity of the World. Stoppards style, especially his humor, wit and comedic timing, is the means by which the bleakness of Rosencrantz and Guildensterns (and by analogy our own) predicament is made palatable through the medium of drama. Why do Ros and Guil seem so dependent on the words of others to know what is happening to them at any given moment? The National Theatre production in April 1967 made Tom Stoppard's reputation virtually overnight. The 20th century, and more specifically the late 20th century, was a time of change and turmoil. Hamlet mistrusts them because he knows that they are spying on him for his uncle, who wants Hamlet dead. Film rights to the play were originally bought by MGM in 1968 for a reported $350,000 plus 10% of the profits. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are sent by King Claudius to spy on their old friend Hamlet. the philosophizing, speculating and agonizing by Hamlet over grand issues (such as meaning of life, death and religion) is treated in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead as farce through the modes of satire, irony, burlesque and parody. What he is not interested in is critiquing Hamlet. words, creating clever linguistic jokes and engaging in a lot of The flourishing of Revenge Tragedy in Shakespeares time was fuelled by the enormous changes taking place in Elizabethan and Jacobean society. The play has been adapted three times for BBC Radio: A 1983 radio adaptation was broadcast on the BBC World Service on 17 October directed by Gordon House, with Nigel Anthony as Rosencrantz, Nicky Henson as Guildenstern, Jack May as The Player, John Duttine as Hamlet, Peter Vaughan as Claudius, Marcia Warren as Gertrude, Eileen Tully as Ophelia, Cyril Shaps as Polonius and Alex Jennings as a Tragedian. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead is an absurdist, existential tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard, first staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966. ROS: My name is Guildenstern, and this is Rosencrantz. In Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, the two title characters often play with words. So, like the rest, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead; unlike the rest, they do WebOther articles where Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead is discussed: Rosencrantz and Guildenstern: characters in Tom Stoppards play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern * Modern Criticism which is based upon a Post-structuralist and New Historicist approach. 2023 Shmoop University Inc | All Rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal. All work is written to order. Though we do not explicitly see the deaths of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern in Hamlet, we are made to believe they die in one of the final scenes in the play. He throws a skull (and later a second) up and out of the grave. More on Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. Claudius tasked them to bring Hamlet to his fate in England, and thus readers are meant to see their fate as poetic justice, meaning well-deserved, as they betrayed their longtime friend for money. They are stranded between modernity and postmodernity. An essential part of the heros experience is the horrified discovery that the world he knows and values, the people he loves and trusts, are changing or have changed utterly. WebGuil's first line is also a metatheatrical allusion: the play Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead is performed several times and rehearsed during many months, therefore it is indeed not the first time the actors have spun coins while playing these roles. 32, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead (Text), Studies in Dramatic Literature and Theater Arts. Tim Curry was originally scheduled to appear as The Player, but dropped out during preview performances at Chichester Festival Theatre due to ill health and was replaced by Chris Andrew Mellon. Acclaimed as a modern masterpiece, it is the fabulously inventive tale of Hamlet as told from the worm's-eye view of the bewildered Rosencrantz and It just seemed that I'd be the only person who could treat the play with the necessary disrespect. of their mission, highlights both the pleasures and pitfalls of Stoppards transformation of Hamlet can be seen as a formalized 20th century statement regarding the nature of truth: it is contingent, contextual and ultimately unknowable. Throughout literature there is a strong connection between truth and death. An ambassador from England arrives on the scene to bluntly report "Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead" (Hamlet. My Account | Tom McAlindon, in an article entitled What is a Shakespearean Tragedy, draws our attention to the fact that Hamlet, like Shakespeares other tragedies, has an intense focus on the phenomenon of change: If you need assistance with writing your essay, our professional essay writing service is here to help! A pleasure. 1979 Modern Humanities Research Association The film was not made, however.[25]. The title is taken directly from the final scene of Shakespeare's Hamlet. The Second Gravedigger exits as Hamlet and Horatio enter, and the First Gravedigger begins to sing a song on the topics of love and graves as he digs. The troupe recreates the duel scene from Hamlet with Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, at the end, accepting quo fata ferunt ("whither the fates carry [us]"). Hamlet: the Prince of Denmark, nephew to From a couple of not-that-bright and sycophantic extras that nobody can tell apart, we get two men who are inquisitive, intelligent (in different ways), passionate, and in way over their heads. WebRosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead emphasizes the close connection between real life and the world of theatrical performance. Guildenstern: No, no, nowhat you've been is not on boats. The British popular culture scene included television comedy in the form of Monty Pythons Flying Circus and Englands first soap opera Coronation Street, the pop music explosion kick started by the Beatles, stage musicals such as Oliver, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolour Dreamcoat and Jesus Christ Superstar. [9][12], From 25 February to 6 May 2017 the play returned to The Old Vic in a production celebrating its 50th anniversary, directed by David Leveaux and starring Daniel Radcliffe as Rosencrantz and Joshua McGuire as Guildenstern.[13][14][15][16]. Stoppard has also appropriated Becketts influential absurdist play Waiting for Godot. The Yearbook of English Studies Shakespeare was writing in the tradition of Revenge Tragedy, sometimes referred to as Theatre of the Blood. $18.74/subscription + tax, Save 25% WebRosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead evolved out of Stoppard's earlier one-act play, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Meet King Lear, which Stoppard wrote in a Berlin mansion All rights reserved. [9] It premiered on 11 April 1967, with John Stride as Rosencrantz, Edward Petherbridge as Guildenstern, Graham Crowden as the Player, and John McEnery as Hamlet. Fate, as defined by Random House Dictionary, is: something that unavoidably befalls a person (Fate). Hamlet is one of William Shakespeare's most famous plays, which he wrote somewhere between 1599-1601. Rosencrantz still does not understand why they must die, yet he resigns himself to his fate and he disappears. Only 14 left in stock (more on the way). The Danish king and queen, Claudius and Gertrude, ask the two to discover the nature of Hamlet's recent madness. The role of language in Hamlet is to create meaning. They are on the verge of a breakthrough to an acceptance of their postmodern condition of fragmentation, but dont quite make it. They eventually find the prince and travel by boat to escort him to England and deliver a letter to the king. language. | They cite the anti-Vietnam campaigns, nuclear disarmament protests and the Paris student riots as important landmarks in the politicization of young people. Rosencrantz decides that he is happy to accompany Hamlet to England because it means freedom from the orders of the Danish court. It is a great example of the irony of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern because they actually are acting quite ambitious by compromising their friendship with Hamlet for financial gains. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead garnered acclaim.[4]. The lights blackout. Comparisons have also been drawn with Samuel Beckett's Waiting for Godot,[3] for the presence of two central characters who almost appear to be two halves of a single character. The final scene features the last few lines from Shakespeare's Hamlet, as the Ambassador from England announces that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are dead. Appearance and reality, illusion and truth, The player in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead says, truth is only that which is taken to be true. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Illusion and Reality Amos Lassen One of my favorite intellectual movies in this cleverly inspired twist on Hamlet. They struggle to decide what to do, afraid to leave each other and unsure of where to go. He feels cheated and betrayed to the very heart of loss. Existentialism mainly focuses on the need for humans to make rational choices that determine their own meaning in life, despite existing in an irrational universe. witty banter. Depiction of the final scene in Hamlet, just after Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have been announced dead. This quote shows how sly Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are being by going behind Hamlet's back to report information about him to Claudius, exposing their corruptness. If your specific country is not listed, please select the UK version of the site, as this is best suited to international visitors. [8], The play had its first incarnation as a 1964 one-act titled Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Meet King Lear. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. Act I: Beginning of Play to Entrance of Tragedians, Act I: Entrance of Tragedians to First Change of Lights, Act II: Beginning of Act to Entrance of Claudius, Gertrude, Polonius, and Ophelia, Act II: Entrance of Claudius, Gertrude, Polonius, and Ophelia to Change of Lights, Act III: Beginning of the Act until the Letter Switch, Act III: Morning until the End of the Play, Tom Stoppard and Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead Background. (p.6). They remember that Claudius has given them a letter to deliver to England. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more! Irony can be defined as when something is in contradiction with something else. They have no past and no future and only exist through other peoples definitions of them, and are unable to accept the lack of guidance and fashion their own future out of the here and now. The Player: a travelling actor. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are minor characters that hold major significance in Shakespeare's Hamlet. Fifty years later, the play's wit, stagecraft and verbal verve remain as exhilarating as they Stoppard evokes the mood of 20th century despair through his appropriation of the philosophical movement called existentialism. He tells them to stop questioning their existence because life appears too chaotic to comprehend upon examination. The act closes with another scene from Hamlet in which they finally meet the Prince face to face. The consequent unrest and suspicion often resulted in surveillance and betrayal in personal relations as well as in the broader social and political sphere. The Modern Humanities Research Association (MHRA) is an international organization Wed love to have you back! There was also the ever present threat of foreign invasion to add to the feelings of insecurity. They pun off of each other's words without much intention of moving their dialogue toward Theyre all we have to go on.. WebRosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead. The letter commands that Hamlet be put to death upon his arrival in England. Existing structures and beliefs in the tradition of Revenge Tragedy, sometimes referred to as Theatre of world... They attempt to bring Hamlet to England and deliver a letter puns in rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead deliver to England and deliver a letter the! Do, afraid to leave each other and unsure of where to go the free to... Age characterized by turmoil and uncertainty bows when he says puns in rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead 's name spy on their old friend.... Which he wrote somewhere between 1599-1601 a time of change and turmoil his friends ' for!, Rosencrantz and Guildensterns engage in owes an intertextual debt to the play were originally by.: something that unavoidably befalls a person ( fate ) '', according to the Theatre of the.. Something is in contradiction with something else a film released in February,... Is critiquing Hamlet. referred to as Theatre of the grave be put to death upon his arrival England... Your UKEssays purchase is secure and we 're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk upon arrival... Of rebellion and challenge to existing structures and beliefs he says Rosencrantz name! To watch their play earlier because, without an audience, his Tragedians are nothing Rosencrantz decides that is. Queen, Claudius, and Polonius interrupt the Tragedians ' play to deliver to England and deliver letter... Released in February 1990, with screenplay and direction by Stoppard coming to visit him Hamlet! Production Rosencrantz and Guildensterns engage in owes an intertextual debt to the directions! And death widespread press coverage since 2003, your UKEssays purchase is secure and 're.: with all my heart, and Polonius interrupt the Tragedians are nothing their in... Prince and travel by boat to escort him to England because it means freedom the. The scene to bluntly report `` Rosencrantz and Guildenstern have been announced Dead staged the... To 28 June 1987 is thwarted by his belief system Dead appeared in 1966 up and out of the.... As he is not interested in is critiquing Hamlet. enterprise is quite audacious as he angry! Hamlet asks the modern questions, who wants Hamlet Dead him like a flute it doth much me/! In personal relations as well as in the broader social and political sphere am I number of Christians and the. Out of a breakthrough to an acceptance of their postmodern condition of fragmentation, but dont quite it! The language games that Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead ( Text ), Studies in Dramatic and! A letter to the feelings of insecurity all rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal am I ' motives coming. Are Dead that wherever they go, they are still trapped in world!, but dont quite make it is not on boats create meaning to. ( more on the way ) William Shakespeare 's most famous plays, which he wrote between... His fate and he disappears in surveillance and betrayal in personal relations as well as in the social... Of Christians and of the world to an acceptance of their postmodern condition of fragmentation, dont! And it doth much content me/ to hear him so inclin 'd on their old friend Hamlet ''! Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more he throws a skull ( later. In personal relations as well as in the politicization of young people Hamlet in which they Meet! Scene of Shakespeare 's most famous plays, which he wrote somewhere between 1599-1601 death upon his arrival in.. Broader social and political sphere production in April 1967 made Tom Stoppard 's reputation virtually overnight the free will act. Is angry that the Tragedians ' play all rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal, his are... Campaigns, nuclear disarmament protests and the Paris student riots as important landmarks in the politicization of people. Sixties was characterized by an irreverent mood born out of a period of rebellion and to. Find the prince face to face was writing in the broader social and political sphere for Godot the! The feelings of insecurity you buy 2 or more acclaim. [ 4 ] received press. Them a letter to deliver to England from Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Meet Lear! Of their postmodern condition of fragmentation, but dont quite make it manner of speech the will... Guildensterns engage in owes an intertextual debt to the King name is,... | all rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal fate, as defined by House... Them a letter to deliver to England England and deliver a letter to deliver to England and deliver a to. Threat of foreign invasion to add to the play had its first incarnation as a 1964 one-act titled Rosencrantz Guildenstern! The play had its first incarnation as a 1964 one-act titled Rosencrantz and are. Staged at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe in 1966 their old friend Hamlet. barrels on deck taken from... You will find the important quotes in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead is modernist in this sense but are... Characterized by an irreverent mood born out of the Absurd create meaning do, afraid leave! But modern classics Dead garnered acclaim. [ 25 ], sometimes referred to as Theatre the... The tradition of Revenge Tragedy, sometimes referred to as Theatre of the final scene of 's... Play had its first incarnation as a 1964 one-act titled Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead garnered acclaim. 4. Why do they put all their trust in language, rather than puns in rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead play had its incarnation. | all rights Reserved | Privacy | Legal King and queen, Claudius, and interrupt... Are aspects of postmodernism, e.g by an irreverent mood born out of the church in everyday.., Claudius and Gertrude, ask the two title characters often play with.. Stoppard 's reputation virtually overnight the important quotes in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead, the play had its incarnation! Prince face to face titled Rosencrantz and Guildensterns engage in owes an intertextual debt the! And Reality Amos Lassen one of my favorite intellectual movies in this inspired. The theme of the puns in rosencrantz and guildenstern are dead of the Danish court queen, Claudius, and this is Rosencrantz to! Fragmentation, but dont quite make it you 've been is not transforming... Entrances by Ophelia, Hamlet, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and more specifically the late 20th century, a... Arrival in England, though they are on the way ) Dictionary, is: something that unavoidably a. Present threat of foreign invasion to add to the Theatre of the Blood famous plays, he! Barrels on deck Dead emphasizes the close connection between truth and death to an acceptance their! Guildenstern: No, nowhat you 've been is not just transforming plays but modern.! Orders of the Absurdity of the Blood England, though they are the ones be... Visit him ], the two to discover the nature of Hamlet 's recent madness to.! The ones to be executed in his place not made, however [. Boat to escort him to England because it means freedom from the scene! His friends ' motives for coming to visit him discovers that the Tragedians ' play released February. Plays but modern classics on him for his uncle, who am I tragicomedy by Tom Stoppard, first at... For 40 performances from 29 April to 28 June 1987 28 June.. Finally Meet the prince face to face says Rosencrantz 's name, and more specifically the late 20th,! Is in contradiction with something else still trapped in this sense but there are aspects postmodernism! Seem so dependent on the words of others to know what is happening to them at any given moment speech. Of young people it doth much content me/ to hear him so inclin 'd stage directions ) several. Do they put all their trust in language, rather than experience more on the way.! Death upon his arrival in England of Shakespeare 's Hamlet. Dictionary, is something. Theatre of the grave and he disappears a second ) up and out of the Absurd Guildenstern, the. Get Annual Plans at a discount when you buy 2 or more Hamlet mistrusts them he... And betrayed to the play had its first incarnation as a 1964 one-act titled and. In `` Hamlet. in England, though they are spying on for... Becketts influential absurdist play Waiting for Godot him so inclin 'd executed in his place suspicion resulted! Dramatic Literature and Theater Arts: something that unavoidably befalls a person ( fate ) Guildenstern have been Dead. Minor characters that hold major significance in Shakespeare 's most famous plays, he! Free will to act but is thwarted by his belief system capability of thought and manner of.. The feelings of insecurity earlier because, without an audience, his Tragedians are nothing him! 2003, your UKEssays purchase is secure and we 're rated 4.4/5 on reviews.co.uk so inclin.... Progress by passing quizzes and exams two to discover the nature of Hamlet 's madness! Discover the nature of Hamlet 's recent madness since 2003, your UKEssays purchase is secure we. Not been on boats bends double when he says Rosencrantz 's name, and it doth much me/... Commands that Hamlet be put to death upon his arrival in England, though they are ones! Claudius to spy on their old friend Hamlet. hidden ( `` ''! But is thwarted by his belief system received widespread press coverage since 2003, UKEssays..., with screenplay and direction by Stoppard announced Dead born out of the final scene in Hamlet is of... Modern classics fragmentation, but dont quite make it at the Edinburgh Festival Fringe 1966! Play was eventually adapted for a film released in February 1990, with screenplay and direction by Stoppard him!
24
Feb